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smcnz19

Ready to learn Social Media in 2019?

Rebecca is going to be at the Social Media Conference NZ #SMCNZ19

March 1-2 – she’s hosting a table talk on podcasting and blogging for business.

This is a fantastic opportunity to invest in your business and for your own professional development. The conference is for Small business to corporates, from beginners to advanced. Imagine the connections you can make?

What will I learn?

There are 25 Speakers for #SMCNZ19 and topics cover everything Social Media.

Some topics include : Facebook advertising, Communities, LinkedIn, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, Content Strategy, Content Marketing, Branding, Campaigns, Video Marketing and of course Podcasting (with Rebecca).

The two International Speakers are ell worth the ROI alone if you take action on their talks.

You can see the agenda here: https://www.socialmediaconference.co.nz/agenda-for-smcnz19/

If you get a group together, you can get further savings on groups of 4 and 8.

You can book here: https://events.toba.org.nz/events/social-media-conference-2019/

Podcasting is the new Content Marketing

Yes this is true.  Like so many other forms of social that I’ve personally used (Blogging, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, G+, WhatsApp, Tumblr, Pinterest, WeChat, Telegram, Vero – yes, I have profiles on ALL these), they start getting used by individuals and then brands get on board.

Podcasts are being started by brands and businesses – I knew they were going mainstream when in 2018 I saw the Economist Intelligence Unit, CapGemini and McKinsey had launched podcasts.  I’ve been podcasting since 2013 on RowingChat.

And so if you are doing content marketing and want to learn the 5 pre-requisites for brand podcasting to be successful, come to SMCNZ19.

See you there!

marketing problem, angry man problem, problem solving marketing,

Problem Solving for Marketing

Solving marketing problems is difficult.  I don’t like doing it – unless I know a solution or have a good, educated guess about what could work.

A client situation emerged which serves to illustrate the challenge.  We reached an impasse.  I had offered advice, our progress was smooth until we got to the point of marketing to new customers who don’t yet know the brand.  And one of the client team was deeply opposed to the tactic I proposed.  I’ll explain how we got through this later.

Solving marketing problems

One of my podcasts summarised three types of problem – messes, problems and puzzles.  These are ‘complex’ problems – ones with multiple factors affecting the situation.  Modern marketing gets more of these – because with omni-channel promotions it’s increasingly hard to isolate a single input-output signal to explain an outcome.

The author paraphrases Gerald Ashley as he describes the different approach needed for each type of problem 

  • Messes are ill-defined in form and structure and so are most like real life.
  • Problems have a defined structure with potential solutions, but none are absolutely clear and right.
  • Puzzles are well defined and have specific solutions that can be worked out.

Marketing problems are frequently perceived to be puzzles, but in actual fact are probably messes.  The big insight is in this quote:

Most of us crave certainty and as much control as possible. Politicians and business leaders are just the same and perhaps even more so. ‘Bring me facts and experts. I want a solution now!’ By implication, those in positions of authority tend to treat most issues as puzzles, sometimes problems and never messes. As a result they tend to seek shortcuts to answers that are probably wrong. The biggest mistake is to carve out part of a mess, treat it as a problem and then solve it as a puzzle. This can lead to very bad decisions.

Back to my client ‘problem’

We reviewed the situation and whether it was a complex problem or not.  It was.  

It wasn’t a puzzle because the structure of marketing activity was reasonably clear-cut.

It wasn’t a mess because there was structure, there was a framework of activity and the desired output was prospects who hadn’t previously known about the brand.  And so we decided this was an actual problem.

I thought hard about what to do.  This was the series of steps

 

  1. I asked the client what they did when they were advising someone and had disagreement
  2. I reviewed the steps we’d taken thus far and gained agreement around the success of the process, method and outcomes to date
  3. I narrowed the discussion to the point where the “leap of faith” sat. What were the inputs we had prepared (there were 2) and these were acknowledged
  4. Then I walked away and left the client team to discuss.

They have not specifically told me what they discussed or what they decided. But it’s clear we are still working together. And so I am presuming the first (tentative) step towards the leap of faith activity has been taken and I’ll hear what the outcomes are in due course.

spam pingl,

Referral traffic from Pingl is spam

I was checking the analytics on a client site and saw a referral from a website I did not recognise.  And so I investigated it.

referral traffic, analytics referral,

New referral site turns out to be spam

After typing in the reach-publisheral website address manually (I always do this in a new browser window), an automatic redirect came into effect and I ended up on Pingl.net [no, don’t follow that link please].

Black Hat SEO tactics

In the SEO world there are goodies and baddies…. and it’s a game of tension between the unscrupulous on one side and those who follow search engine websites’ guidelines on the other – refereed by Google and Bing.

Black Hat is the term given to tactics that are underhand and try to cheat the system.

White Hat is the opposite – those who work within the framework set by search engines.

Updates to search engine algorithms are usually driven by their desire to undermine black hat tactics.

After a quick search I found several other commentators had found referrals in their analytics also coming from Pingl.  This rings alarm bells.

Who is Pingl?

A set of clever Black-Hatters masquerading as authentic “growth hacking” tacticians.

They use a technique called notification referrer service which is basically a spam referral to your website.  By masking their site identity they make the link “appear” to come from another site – reach-publishinglo  in my case (but others report variants on Ali Baba).  This domain is setup with the sole purpose of sending you to pingl’s home page –  it refers you directly to them.

Although you may be getting a lot of referrals from the masked page, it is not real traffic, and it can ruin your SEO – notably your bounce rate.

How to overcome referrer spam

Create filters in your Analytics to remove this traffic from your results in two ways

  1. Campaign Source Filter – will stop all traffic from the source (pingl) site
  2. Campaign Referral Path Filter – will stop single web pages
  3. Languages Setting Filter – stops traffic from named languages (was useful for Russian spam in 2017)
semantic keywords, SEO, keyword indexing, natural search

Keyword tool tip for 2019

Happy new year everyone.  I’m loving being on summer break – but it doesn’t stop me researching and finding top new tools and ideas for digital marketing success.

Latent Semantic Indexing Keywords

Found this great site which can help you identify LSI keywords for your website SEO.

What are LSI keywords?

LSI (Latent Semantic Indexing) keywords are words that are commonly found together within a single topic and are semantically related to each other.

So they help you understand the connections and correlations between groups of words and phrases – so you can select good ones to use on your natural website SEO.

Testing LSI Keywords

I did a quick test for a client and found a list of over 10,000 [seriously, who needs that many?] to download.  The site asks you to list up to 10 “seed” words before it runs the analysis.

semantic keywords, SEO, keyword indexing, natural search

Latent Semantic Keywords

And then I reviewed the listings and found a lot of non-relevant words – so I refined the seed words to improve the outcome, downloaded and got my list.

Next step – back to the Google Analytics query to assess the current search results and revise / review and improve.

How Marketing Automation Can Help Your Business Long Term

Market automation is a technological process that streamlines as well as provides visibility into the marketing activities of a business. It is an assortment of tools, processes, and workflows, where the tools are used to automate the commonly repetitive tasks. While marketing automation is highly important in producing and nurturing new leads, for long-term business engagement it can be costly for your business without initial proper implementation. It is considered an excellent practice for your market automation to be infused into the sales and marketing processes to optimize a buyer’s journey from potential customers to loyal clients.

A study projects that the market for market automation will grow by 3.3 billion USD to 6.4 billion USD in 2024. The driving force for this growth is the increase in demand for personalized advertising, the urge to keep clients for the long term, and the use of predictive analytics techniques to understand customer behavior.

To help you understand how to market automation could be a lifesaver for your business, below are seven key points:

1.Time-Saving

Marketing automation helps shift your business focus to only the most essential aspects. For instance, once you create content for marketing campaigns, the technology takes care of all the other activities automatically. The burden of grappling with social media posts from one platform to another is eased, so you can easily schedule posts to be published to these social media sites based on need.

2.Customer Loyalty

With the ever-changing needs of the customer, everyone wants to be ahead of the game by obtaining customer loyalty. Achieving customer loyalty in the long term is a grueling task unless you can leverage analytics to understand customer dynamics, such as predicting their new likely interests. Automation makes businesses smarter in retaining customers, as most small companies are always on the lookout for new customers while continually losing existing ones. Once you understand the purchasing behavior of customers, it will be easy to align your marketing strategies with their respective interests.

Below are ways you can increase customer loyalty:

  • Sharing Company Content – You can share company content from your company sites such as blog posts and videos. When done on time, it enhances chances of customer retention, for instance, by helping them have optimum use of their purchases through user guides and new product features.
  • Request Feedback – One other way that market automation maintains customer loyalty is by requesting feedback. However, it is essential to note that feedback should only be required when appropriate to do so to reduce the chances of being a bother to the client.

3.Tracking and Monitoring Results

Market automation has an embedded metric for understanding marketing efforts, and this helps you continuously measure success through market optimization. Insightful analytics from marketing data streams will help you perceive the performance of your marketing campaigns. Once you can clearly understand the nature of engagements, you can further follow up on new customer streams, as well as fine tune the marketing campaign to align with changing client needs. Tracking will help you make better-informed choices on what should be improved and what should be discarded.

4.Lead Generation

Market automation, when optimally implemented, will help you increase sales through new leads generation. These leads mostly come from website visitors, new engagements, and exciting insights from predictive analytic tools. It is therefore prudent to capitalize on such insights to achieve a long-term return on investment (ROI).

5.Aligning Marketing and Sales

Another critical factor that will enable marketing automation to achieve long-term business goals is that you can align your sales and marketing activities. An enhanced collaboration where marketers—in their effort to provide a personalized market experience—also presents valuable information to the sales team, helping them craft important communication for sales closure. This kind of collaboration will lead to a much-shortened sales cycle, based on proper profiling of potential clients and working towards fulfilling their buying anticipations.

6.Marketing ROI

Marketing automation provides visibility into your marketing activities and an environment that enables you to track engagement and optimize campaigns. You will ultimately reduce your marketing cycles, which later transforms into increased revenue for your company.

7.Reduced Costs

Any automated process reduces the cost of manual labor in terms of staff or contractors for the same tasks. What this means to your organization is the availability of a pool of funds that can be plowed back to improve front-end business processes.

Conclusion

Marketing automation is worth the financial investment as it will help your business achieve your long-term goals in the long run. With improved visibility into your marketing activities, you can realize high sales turnover through the faster decision making and proper planning. Finally, you will be among the few companies setting the pace for the rest to follow.

How To Measure Your Marketing ROI

In every marketing campaign, knowing the Return on Investment or ROI allows entrepreneurs to make decisions that determine their business success. Therefore, it’s fair to say learning how to measure your marketing ROI helps you assess if your business is on the positive side of the equation.

The concept behind ROI is not so simple. However, it is essential for any entrepreneur to learn how to calculate ROI. The last thing you’d want is to spend thousands blindly on marketing your product or service without any certainty if what you get in return compensates for what you spent.

Why is Calculating ROI Important?

The goal of calculating ROI is to check if all the spending goes back in through revenue. Hence, even if it may be a nuisance for some entrepreneurs to deal with numbers, they strive to keep a tab of their ROI because it helps realize their marketing goals. Regardless of business size, entrepreneurs spend thousands and even millions of dollars on promoting one product. This may seem unreasonable, but good entrepreneurs don’t care as long as they get high returns.

While a good ROI helps a business stay afloat, measuring it may not be so simple. This article will help you identify the factors in ROI and ways to measure it.

What is a Good ROI for Digital Marketing?

According to Neilsen, a good ROI for digital marketing is $1.09. This means that for every $1 spent, the company generates $2.09. Capital that’s less than $1 will then give the company a profit of $1.09.

The determining factors for good ROI vary in certain standards. The type of industry is one. You can’t expect to stick to the $1.09 ROI if you’re in real estate or investing.

Factors that affect ROI

Before you can figure out what your business’s ROI is, you need to know what information you need. In any business, it’s integral to keep financial records and keep them organized so it’s easier to go back to. Record-keeping can be done manually using a journal ledger or online software services like QuickBooks. The aim is to keep a comprehensive record of every dollar that goes in and out of your pocket. Some common factors that affect a business’s ROI are:

  • Time

What you spend at the beginning of the day may not return to you on the same day. It may be a month, or a year after, that you get the return of what you invested today. Thus, businesses use a marketing calendar to cover their yearly marketing activities. This helps them track and reevaluate their marketing campaigns. You should use one for your business, too.

  • Cost of Producing the Campaign Material

 To calculate ROI, you need to determine how much money will it take to produce all the campaign materials for your project. How much did you pay for the graphic designer to develop your landing page? How much did it cost to hire a copywriter? You need to know the exact amount you’ve spent.

  • Cost of Promoting the Product or Service

 Once you have your marketing materials, for example, a landing page, how would you promote it? Will you promote it through Pay-per-click (PPC) or social media advertising, like Facebook ads? All of these constitutes to the financial resources you need to expend, so make sure you keep proper records.

Hopefully, you’ve done your part in recording all the necessary figures in your ledger. After all, the ROI is a number that needs to be continually updated.

The Figures Needed and the Formula

  • Number of Leads

Whether you do inbound or outbound marketing, knowing the number of leads is essential. How many signups for the free trial did you get? How many prospects gave you their email address? You need to learn how many leads you get each day, week, or month. To track, you can make use of a lead management or tracking software like Zoho.

  • Number of Converted Leads

 Out of every 100 leads, how many are converted to clients? How many made the purchase? Knowing this number is essential so you can calculate the lead-conversion ratio.

  • Product Average Sales

 Another thing is the average cost of your product. If you occasionally alter the price of your products, it’s better to get the average sales. Average sales is the amount each customer spends on buying your product.

  • Marketing Cost

 Identify the cost of creating and promoting your product. This includes wages or payment for services, ad spend, and other things for promoting the product.

When you have all this information, you can calculate the ROI through the following steps:

  • Multiply the number of leads by the lead-to-customer rate and your product’s average sales price
  • Then, subtract the amount you spent for ads and other promotional activities
  • Divide this number again by the cost or ad spend
  • Multiply by 100 and the final number will be your ROI.
Types of Marketing Campaigns and How to Compute

Often, businesses try different digital marketing strategies to test which one delivers favorable results. In general, marketing is an opportunity to test which campaigns are effective and which aren’t. If one campaign doesn’t give the intended results, it is either modified or taken down. Here, you’ll learn what frequent campaigns businesses implement and samples on how to compute the ROI.

  1. Written Content Marketing

 Articles are a great form of content marketing. Any written content is useful in engaging the readers and keeping them up-to-date with the changes in your business or products. More importantly, written content can be used to condition your leads towards a buying move in the future, so it increases your ROI.

Computing ROI for Written Content Marketing

For example, you hire a project-based writer from a freelancing platform to write an article related to your online course about digital marketing. You paid $500 for the job. Now, this article will direct readers to a landing page where they buy the online course. Using a tracking URL, you can see how many visitors get to the landing page through a click from the article.

If the article gets 100 leads, with 10 people signing up for the online course and $100 average sales, ROI would be $100. Here’s the computation:

If you follow the same steps as mentioned above, then:

[((100x 0.1 x $100) – $500) ÷ $500] x 100 = $100 (ROI)

In conclusion, in every $500 you spend on content, you generate $600 in return, which gives you a profit of $100.

  1. Email Marketing

 Believe it or not, email has been a major source of revenue for many businesses. As a matter of fact, with a good campaign, some businesses can generate a massive email conversion rate of 3800%. It means in every $1 spent, businesses get $38 in return. It might seem impossible at first, but many businesses have exceeded this ROI rate for years.

Email marketing is cost-effective. Most times, this campaign doesn’t require graphics or high-quality images that are considered expenditure. Email marketers exploit words to get conversions and increase ROI.

Computing ROI for Email Marketing

You want to use email marketing to promote your online course on digital marketing. For example, an online learning platform is offering a weekly e-newsletter to those who sign up on their website. You pay them $100 to include a link to your course in their weekly e-newsletter that links to a purchasing page.

Again, using a tracking URL, you see it droves 20 visitors to the purchasing page. Of these 20 visitors, 2 enrolled with an average of $100 sales. Here is how to compute ROI.

[((20x 0.1 x $100) – $100) ÷ $100] x 100 = $100

So basically, in $100 you spent for email marketing, you get $200 in revenue, or $100 net profit.

  1. Video Marketing

Video marketing is ideal if you’re selling a product that requires step-by-step instructions for customers to follow. Take, for example, home security systems that need installation instructions. Instead of writing an article for the instructions, using video to educate your potential buyers to eliminate one of the pain points of your product, which is installing it. This makes the decision to buy your product easier.

Computing ROI for Video Marketing

For example, you decided to outsource and spend $1000 in creating your video marketing material. After uploading, it resulted in 10 purchases out of 100 leads, with average sales of $500. The computation would look like this.

[((100x 0.1 x $500) – $1000) ÷ $1000] x 100 = $400

In short, you get $400 net profit in spending $1000 for video marketing.

Calculating ROI might look easy with the examples, but these numbers are just representation. In business, you encounter more numbers to deal with.

  1. Pay-per-click Campaigns

 Pay-per-click is exactly what its name implies. You only pay for every click on your ad. If you launch a PPC ad, you need to monitor and manage your campaign constantly. You need to modify your campaign as you go along and get to know your audience better. If you use Google ads, you can use the Google Ads Editor to manage and monitor your campaign.

Computing ROI for Video Marketing

Company XYZ sells mattresses. To get more customers, they use PPC ad, with which they pay $500. Out of 6 clicks, 1 end up buying a mattress that costs $600.

[((6x 0.167 x $600) – $500) ÷ $500] x 100 = $20.24

This return may not be viable, so the business decided to modify their first campaign. They made the copy more compelling and included more details about the product. For this, they spent $300. As a result, 10 new clicks and 3 purchase the product with an average sale of $700.

[((10x 0.3 x $700) – $300) ÷ $300] x 100 = $600

In the end, Company XYZ nets $600 more than the first campaign.

  1. Sponsorship

Usually, businesses use sponsorship when there is no time or enough materials to produce content. Businesses reach out to influencers (people who have a large following in social media) and offer to promote their brand by creating relevant content, usually in exchange for monetary value or giveaways.

Computing ROI for Sponsorship

For example, a famous beauty brand launches a new product—let’s say, a face mask. The business owner connects to some beauty influencers for collaboration in creating content, like a YouTube video, to promote the face mask and add the tracking URL to the description. If the company pays $300 and gets 15 people out of 50 visitors to purchase the product that costs $60 each, what would be the ROI?

[((50x 0.3 x $70) – $300) ÷ $300] x 100 = $250

The company gains $550, with $250 net profit from spending $300 for sponsorship.

Final Thoughts

Learning how to calculate your marketing ROI enables you to assess if your business is in the right direction and how profitable it is becoming. This is essential because ROI is a long-term goal for every business. Monitoring your ROI gives you insights whether the different strategies you have in place are delivering the results you desire for your business.

first marketing, first sales, new business success

Who starts first – marketing or sales?

I wrote this email to a client today.  I have been working with them to set up and activate the things which will move them towards sales.  And I answer the Chicken and Egg question too…. read on

I think you have made significant progress in understanding three things which are essential to a successful new business development process.

  1. Deep focus on the target prospect companies and how to find individuals and make contact with them 
  2. Validation that there is a flow through activities from awareness, interest, desire, action (AIDA)…. e.g.XYZ is moving down that funnel well.  Also you have closed off the funnel for ABC and won’t waste time with him – he got returned to a ‘holding pattern’ in the newsletter mailing list.
  3. Recognition that we need to get to know more new people and to find ways of becoming relevant to them – from personal chat / email to newsletter subscription to face to face meeting.  
My guidance is being acted upon and you are seeing results which will bear fruit.  Also it’s forcing you to challenge presumptions and to run little experiments to see what the market responds to.  These both change over time and so I have learned never to guess.  But you knew that, didn’t you?

New Business is a Process

Creating a set-up that delivers a stream of leads for your business is how successful sales and marketing combine in a B2B organisation.   The underlying principles are the same for every firm yet the implementation and the diligent persistence of action is frequently what sets apart the successful from the rest.

first marketing, first sales, new business success

Who starts first? Marketing or Sales for new business success.

Can I help you?

If you’d like an appraisal of your current situation and recommendations for improvement which you can implement yourself, get in touch.

What we will do is

  • Review your recent new business success (or otherwise)
  • Assess the process
  • Research the possible bottle-necks, gaps and successful elements
  • Guide towards an improved method

Chicken or Egg; which comes first?

So to answer the question – it depends.  No, that’s not a cop-out.

Marketing comes first when the firm already has revenues and is looking to grow average size of sale, launch new products or new markets.

Sales comes first when the firm has a product and is not yet profitable enough to invest in intensive marketing or isn’t converting enquiries to revenue.

Keyword Search Simplified – 3 Ways You Can Find the Right Keywords to Siphon Traffic From

Whether in content marketing or a Google AdWords campaign, the role of keywords cannot be underestimated. It’s one of those things some people are quick to ignore, but which could very well spell the end for business.

To that end, you need to be working overtime to find the right keywords for your campaigns. Unfortunately, this isn’t always as easy as it sounds. Most of the top keywords are extremely competitive. On AdWords, those competitive keywords can be very expensive.

As a shrewd business person, you may want to preserve your budget by avoiding these overly costly keywords at least until you have a winning formula. On the flip side, cheap keywords rarely return a profit. That’s why other marketers ignore them in the first place. Paying for them would be akin to throwing your money down the drains.

This leaves you with only one option, to find potential keywords that haven’t become too competitive yet. The following are three ways to unearth these unknown high-performing keywords;

1. Invest in Keyword Search Tools

Keyword search tools are software programs specially designed to help marketers find the right keywords for their campaigns. You’re required to enter the parameters of your search, including your target audience, geographic location, and type of business, and then the tool looks up and returns the most relevant keywords for your business.

It doesn’t end there; some keyword search tools are now built in such a way that you can consistently monitor high performing keywords in your industry. This would allow you to keep your ads and content relevant throughout. Some of the best keyword search tools out there include; Soolve, KWFinder, and WordTracker Scout.

2. Learn From Your Competitors

There are several approaches you can use here. But one of the easiest and most effective methods is manual checking. The first step is to identify the products or services of focus. For instance, you can choose to check one of the products in their video blogs. After picking the product, go to Google and search that product or service (we recommend that you use Chrome for your search).

On the first page of results, click the first item on the list. Once you’re on the desired page, click Cmd + Alt + u to view the page source. Here you’ll find the code for that page. Now, check the whole page for non-branded keywords, focusing on titles and headlines. You’ll learn all the keywords they use to rank so well on search engines.

3. Use Google to Rig the Game

 Finally, you can also use Google to find the right keywords for your digital campaign. Since you probably already know about auto-complete and related searches, we’d advise that you shift attention to three other useful sources for unique, often unknown keywords; Google product taxonomy, Google sets, and Google Trends.

Google Taxonomy is used as part of the mechanisms for Google Shopping for categorization of products. Google Sets can be found via the “Google Sets” category found in Google Spreadsheets. Lastly,  Google Trends is a special website created by Google to help users learn what people are searching at different places in the world.

Get Started Today

While not a complete list, these three sources should help you find unique, yet inexpensive keywords for your marketing campaign.

 

 

 

 

Trendosaur SaaS, retail find products

My SaaS has 7% conversion rate, how to improve?

My eCommerce SaaS has a conversion rate of 7% (2 new subscribers a day). I only get 1200 page hits a month though. How can I get more traffic?

The service is called Trendosaur. It helps online retailers make money by showing them the most profitable products to sell. My subscribers love the service. I’ve been running it for just over a year. The landing page is converting really well, but now it’s time to scale up the traffic numbers. Finding it really hard to get more than 40-50 page hits a day. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

I know you should not rely solely on inbound traffic.  That’s a fool’s errand in today’s crowded market.trendosaur logo

Other marketers will suggest SEO, Content Marketing, Lead Funnels, Keyword search terms, LinkedIn Content, SEM, Social adverts, remarketing.  All good ideas and definitely part of the marketing mix needed – but they miss one fundamental comprehension of how modern marketing works.

Inbound and Outbound is the key strategy

When you take a product to market you need both awareness and targeted prospective buyers.

The joy of inbound is that if someone is looking, with good SEO, Keywords and Content Marketing you can appear in search results.  But for B2B markets, rarely is someone looking and the search volumes are so small, so niche that these volumes won’t deliver you the customer buyers in any great size or at scale.

I recommend  2 things

  1. Outbound Selling. Research a list of retailers who could use you and approach them direct. Direct sales is very powerful – it draws attention to you and then your content marketing / SEO will serve to bring them back to your site.
  2. Sponsor a retailers podcast like Ecommerce Fuel with a landing page / special sign up deal.

I used both of these to grow Rowperfect.co.uk/shop such that we now have a paid Christmas promotion page based on that list which is a great case study for this method.